Key Features
Injectable Zero Valent Iron Eliminating the Need for Fracturing
Colloidal S-iZVI™ can be easily injected into the subsurface without the need for fracturing, simplifying the application process and reducing potential risks associated with fracturing techniques.
Optimized Distribution and Contact in Transmissive Zones
Its unique formulation promotes wide dispersion at low injection pressures, ensuring maximum contact with contaminants in transmissive zones and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the remediation process.
Versatile Application and Integration
Designed for seamless integration with other remediation methods, Colloidal S-iZVI™ can be combined with anaerobic bioremediation and bioaugmentation. This versatility allows for customized treatment approaches tailored to specific site conditions and remediation goals.
High Persistence for Long-Term Effectiveness
Offering up to seven years of persistence in treatment zones, Colloidal S-iZVI™ overcomes back diffusion challenges, especially at highly heterogeneous sites. This long-term effectiveness reduces the need for repeated applications, saving time and resources.
Neat Suspension for Safe and Easy Handling
As a pre-blended colloidal ZVI suspension, it eliminates field issues like ignition risks when handling dry ZVI solids or clumping, ensuring smooth and safe application every time. Its design allows for effortless mixing and dilution without complex mixing systems, reducing operational complexity and costs.
How Does It Work?
Enhanced Reactivity Through Sulfidation
Sulfidation increases dechlorination rates while suppressing hydrogen production under anoxic conditions. This means Colloidal S-iZVI™ uses reducing agents more efficiently for contaminant removal. The inhibited corrosion due to sulfidation prolongs the activity of the iron particles, enhancing their effectiveness over time.
Sulfidation also favors desirable pathways of contaminant removal, such as dechlorination by reductive elimination rather than hydrogenolysis, leading to more complete degradation of contaminants. Additionally, it facilitates the sequestration of metals by forming metal sulfides resistant to reoxidation.
For more details, see this research study.
Injection and Distribution
Colloidal S-iZVI™ is a precisely blended liquid suspension that can be injected via direct push technology or injection wells. Its colloidal size allows it to navigate the pore spaces in the subsurface effectively, reaching contaminants without the need for fracturing. The product promotes broad dispersion, optimizing distribution and contact with contaminants.
Reductive Dechlorination Process
Upon contact with chlorinated solvents, the sulfidated zero valent iron particles facilitate a chemical reaction known as reductive dechlorination. In this process, chlorinated solvents are broken down into less harmful substances, ultimately resulting in benign compounds like acetylenes and ethenes. The enhanced reaction rates due to sulfidation make the remediation process more efficient.